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George Gershwin

Uit HitStory, de popencyclopedie van School of Rock · Artiest

George Gershwin

Carl Van Vechten · Public domain

Geboren	1898, New York
Overleden	1937
Genre	Tin Pan Alley, Vocale jazz
Studioalbums	301 (1947–2026)
Bekende werken	Swanee, Gershwin Plays Gershwin: The Piano Rolls
In School of Rock	Mixtape 1, Mixtape 5, Mixtape 12

George Gershwin werd in 1898 in New York geboren en stierf in 1937 in Los Angeles aan een hersentumor. Hij was 38. Gershwin schreef liedjes voor Broadway en Hollywood, maar ook muziek voor de concertzaal en een opera. Hij is belangrijk omdat hij de wereld van Tin Pan Alley, de jazz en de klassieke muziek met elkaar verbond.

Muziek en doorbraak

Op zijn vijftiende ging hij van school en werd hij song plugger bij muziekuitgeverij Jerome H. Remick: hij speelde nieuwe liedjes voor aan klanten. Zijn eerste grote hit was Swanee (1919), gezongen door Al Jolson. De meeste teksten schreef zijn oudere broer Ira. Bandleider Paul Whiteman vroeg hem om een stuk voor een concert met zijn jazzorkest. Zo ontstond Rhapsody in Blue, in 1924 voor het eerst uitgevoerd in New York, dat klassieke vormen combineert met klanken uit de jazz. Het beroemde openingsloopje van de klarinet bedacht Whitemans klarinettist Ross Gorman tijdens een repetitie. Later volgden An American in Paris (1928), de musical Girl Crazy (1930) met I Got Rhythm, en de opera Porgy and Bess (1935), met het lied Summertime.

Invloed

De akkoorden van I Got Rhythm werden in de jazz zo vaak gebruikt dat ze een eigen naam kregen: rhythm changes. Bebopmuzikanten schreven er nieuwe melodieën op, zoals Anthropology (1946) van Charlie Parker en Dizzy Gillespie. Summertime werd een van de meest opgenomen jazzstandards; Billie Holiday had er in 1936 al een hit mee in Amerika. Porgy and Bess was eerst geen commercieel succes, maar geldt nu als een van de belangrijkste Amerikaanse opera's van de twintigste eeuw.

Luisteren

Luistertip. Luister naar Anthropology van Charlie Parker en Dizzy Gillespie en zing in gedachten I Got Rhythm mee: de melodie is nieuw, maar de akkoorden onder de solo's zijn die van Gershwin.

Discografie

Studioalbums

1947Rhapsody in Blue
1956George Gershwin’s Porgy and Bess
1959Rhapsody in Blue / An American in Paris
1959The George Gershwin Story
1960Concerto in F Major & Rhapsody in Blue
1961An American in Paris / Rhapsody in Blue
1962Porgy And Bess
1962Rhapsody in Blue / Un américain à Paris
1966Rhapsody In Blue / An American In Paris / Concerto In F
1967George Gershwin Plays Rhapsody in Blue and Other Favorites
1967Rhapsody in Blue
1967Rhapsody in Blue / Concerto in F
1970Prokofiev: Piano Concerto no. 3 / Gershwin: Rhapsody in Blue / Ravel: Concerto for Left Hand
1972"Porgy & Bess" and "An American in Paris"
1974The Complete Gershwin: Works for Orchestra, Piano & Orchestra
1976Gershwin on Broadway
1976Porgy and Bess
1976Rhapsody in Blue / An American in Paris / Broadway Overtures
1977Gershwin: An American in Paris / Russo: Street Music
1978Gershwin: Rhapsody in Blue/An American in Paris
1978Porgy and Bess
1981Barbara Hendricks Sings Gershwin
1981Previn Conducts Gershwin
1982Concerto pour piano - Rhapsody in Blue
1983Gershwin: Rhapsody in Blue / Addinsell: Warsaw Concerto
1983Gershwin: Rhapsody in Blue / Barber: Adagio for Strings / Copland: Appalachian Spring
1983Rhapsody in Blue / Piano Concerto in F / An American in Paris
1983Rhapsody in Blue / Piano Concerto in F: versions for two pianos
1983The Gershwin Album
1984George Gershwin: Concerto for Piano and Orchestra in F / Aaron Copland: Billy The Kid
1984Rhapsody in Blue / “I Got Rhythm” Variations / Catfish Row
1985Fascinatin' Rampal Plays Gershwin
1985Rhapsody in Blue / An American in Paris
1985Rhapsody in Blue / Concerto in F / American in Paris
1985Rhapsody in Blue / Piano Concerto in F / An American in Paris
1985Rhapsody in Blue / Second Rhapsody for Orchestra with Piano / Preludes / Unpublished Piano Works
1986George Gershwin's Song Book
1986Piano Concerto
1986Ties & Tails
1987A Broadway Extravaganza!
1987Catfish Row (Suite From "Porgy And Bess") / An American in Paris / Cuban Overture / Lullaby
1987Concerto in F / Rhapsody in Blue
1987François-Joel Thiollier joue Gershwin
1987George Gershwin Plays Rhapsody in Blue (using the original piano rolls)
1987Gershwin Gold: Volume Two
1987Grofé: Grand Canyon Suite / Gershwin: Porgy & Bess: Symphonic Suite “Catfish Row”
1987Kiri Sings Gershwin
1987L’Oeuvre pour Piano
1987Piano Music / Songs
1987Rhapsody in Blue / An American in Paris / Lullaby / Cuban Overture
1987Rhapsody in Blue / The Gershwin Songbook / Who Cares?
1987Rhapsody in blue, Concerto en fa / Rhapsodie sur un thème de Paganini
1987Rhapsody in Electric Blue
1987Rhapsody on a Theme of Paganini / Rhapsody in Blue
1987Strike Up the Band: The Canadian Brass Plays George Gershwin
1988An American in Paris (The Philadelphia Orchestra)
1988An American in Paris / Cuban Overture / Porgy and Bess: A Symphonic Picture
1988An American in Paris / Porgy & Bess: A Symphonic Picture
1988Gershwin: American in Paris / Concerto in F / Barber: Symphony no. 1
1988Gershwin: An American in Paris / Rhapsody in Blue / Concerto in F
1988Music of George Gershwin
1988Ravel: Bolero / Gershwin: Rhapsody in Blue / Gershwin: An American in Paris / Debussy: Prélude à l'après-midi d'un faune / Barber: Adagio for Strings
1988Rhapsody in Blue / Concerto in F
1988Second Rhapsody: Music for Two Pianos by George Gershwin
198920th Century Original Piano Transcriptions
1989Complete Piano Works
1989Gershwin: Piano Concerto / Cuban Overture / Milhaud: La Création du monde
1989Grofé: Grand Canyon Suite / Gershwin: Porgy and Bess Suite
1989Highlights from Porgy and Bess
1989Pops by George
1989Porgy and Bess
1989Rhapsody in Blue / An American in Paris
1989Rhapsody in Blue / An American in Paris / Porgy and Bess (Orchestral Suite)
1989Rhapsody in Blue / Appalachian Spring / Quiet City / Knoxville / Adagio
1989Selections From Porgy and Bess
1989Virtuoso Piano Music
1989West Side Story
1990Arias and Barcarolles / School for Scandal / An American in Paris
1990Fascinating Rhythm: The Complete Music for Solo Piano
1990Gershwin by Gershwin
1990Gershwin: 3 Preludes / 6 Songs / Corea: 20 Children's Songs
1990Gershwin: Rhapsody in Blue / Addinsell: Warsaw Concerto
1990Rhapsody in Blue / An American in Paris
1990Rhapsody in Blue / An American in Paris
1990Rhapsody in Blue / An American in Paris / Piano Concerto
1990Rhapsody in Blue, Piano Concerto in F, An American in Paris
1991Gershwin Bernstein
1991Piano Concerto
1991Porgy and Bess
1991Rediscovered II
1991Rhapsody in Blue
1991Rhapsody in Blue / Piano Concerto / Song-Book
1991The Gershwins in Hollywood
1992An American in Paris / Grand Canyon Suite / Adagio
1992Bernstein: West Side Story / Gershwin: Porgy and Bess
1992Fascinating Rhythms
1992George Gershwin Song Book: 20 Instrumentals & Vocals
1992Gershwin Overtures
1992Porgy & Bess (Highlights)
1992Porgy and Bess
1992Rhapsody in Blue, Second Rhapsody & Piano Concerto in F Major
1992The Music of George Gershwin
1992Trumpet Works
1993Copland: Clarinet Concerto / Bernstein: Sonata for Clarinet / Gershwin: Three Preludes
1993Earl Wild - Gershwin
1993Gershwin Plays Gershwin: The Piano Rolls
1993Gershwin, Copland, Schuller, Bloch
1993Ginastera / Gerswin / Villa-Lobos / Barber / Ives
1993Masters of the Roll: Rare Original Recordings From the Reproducing Piano by the Great masters of Classical Piano 1904 - 1935: A 32 CD Catalogue: Disc 5
1993Orchestral Music (American) - Gershwin, G. / Barber, S. / Bernstein, L. / Copland, A. (American Classics, Vol. 2)
1993Rhapsody in Blue / An American in Paris / “Porgy and Bess” Suite (Catfish Row) / Cuban Overture
1993Rhapsody in Blue / An American in Paris / Concerto in F
1993Rhapsody in Blue / Piano Concerto / An American in Paris
1993Rhapsody in Blue / Un Americano a Parigi / Concerto in Fa per pianoforte e orchestra
1993Richard Rodney Bennett Plays George Gershwin's Solo Piano Works
1993Schwetzinger Festspiele 1993 Konzertabend
1994An American in Paris / Rhapsody in Blue / Concerto
1994An American in Paris / Suite: Catfish Row / Variations on "I Got Rhythm" / Girl Crazy / Strike Up the Band
1994Bernstein: West Side Story / Gershwin: Rhapsody in Blue
1994George Gershwin Plays George Gershwin
1994Rhapsody In Blue / An American In Paris / Cuban Overture
1994West Side Story / An American in Paris
1995Classical Masterpieces: George Gershwin
1995Haydn Mendelssohn Gershwin
1995Porgy & Bess Suite
1995Rhapsody in Blue / An American in Paris / Piano Concerto / Porgy and Bess
1995The Piano Rolls, Volume Two
1996America
1996An American in Paris / Concerto in F for Piano and Orchestra
1996Benny Goodman with Arturo Toscanini, Béla Bartók, Joseph Szigeti, Earl Wild
1996George Gershwin
1996George Gershwin Plays Rhapsody in Blue
1996Gershwin Concert
1996Gershwin: An American in Paris / A Symphonic Picture of Porgy and Bess / Grofé: Grand Canyon Suite
1996Porgy And Bess
1996Rhapsody in Blue
1996Second Rhapsody / Piano Concerto in F / Porgy and Bess: Symphonic Suite
1997Earl Wild Plays Gershwin
1997For Two Pianos
1997Grofé: Grand Canyon Suite / Concerto for Piano and Orchestra / Gershwin: Rhapsody in blue
1997I Got Rhythm: Wayne Marshall Plays George Gershwin
1997Manhattan Rhapsody
1997Piano Concertos
1997Rhapsody
1998Centennial Edition
1998Concerto In Fa - Seconda Rapsodia - Suite Da "Porgy And Bess" - Variazioni "I Got Rhythm"
1998George & Ira Gershwin: Standards & Gems
1998Gershwin Fantasy
1998Gershwin Jazz
1998I Got Rhythm / Concerto in F major / Rhapsody No. 2 / Préludes / Cuban Overture
1998Porgy & Bess
1998Porgy & Bess: 1951 Studio Recording
1998Rhapsody in Blue
1998Rhapsody in Blue
1998The 100th Birthday Celebration
1999Beethoven: Sonata Op. 81a (Les Adieux) / Franck: Prelude, Chorale & Fugue / Szymanowski: Mazurkas / Villa-Lobos, Milhaud, Gershwin, Liszt
1999Gershwin
1999Gershwin Centennial Edition
1999Great Scenes from Gershwin’s Porgy and Bess
1999Prokofiev: Piano Concerto no. 3 / Ravel: Piano Concerto in G / Gershwin: Rhapsody in Blue
2000Kickin’ the Clouds Away: Gershwin at the Piano
2001Fantasy in Blue
2001Gershwin
2001Liebesleid
2001Rhapsody in Blue / Piano Concerto in F / An American in Paris
2002An American in Paris / Porgy and Bess Suite / Gershwin in Hollywood
2002Grainger: Rambles and Reflections
2002Rhapsody for Two
2002Russo: Street Music / Three Pieces for Blues Band and Symphony Orchestra / Gershwin: An American in Paris
2002THe Great Melodies
2003Gershwin: für zwei Klaviere / for Two Pianos
2003Mathieu: Concerto de Québec / Addinsell: Warsaw Concerto / Gershwin: Concerto en fa
2003Piano Concertos of the 1920s, Volume 2
2003Rhapsody in Blue
2004Gershwin For Trumpet (arr. J. Bartos and P. Breiner)
2004Gershwin: American Rhapsody (The Classic Composers - Modern 14)
2004Gershwin: An American in Paris / Grainger: Fantasy on George Gershwin's "Porgy and Bess"
2004Rhapsody in Blue / Concerto en Fa / Porgy and Bess
2004Rhapsody in Blue / Concerto in F / An American in Paris
2005America for Two
2005An American in Paris / Catfish Row (Suite from "Porgy and Bess") / Promenade / Rhapsody in Blue / Cuban Overture
2005George Gershwin: Concerto in F / Maurice Ravel: Concerto in G
2006American Jazz Concertos
2006Coleção Folha de música clássica, volume 24: Gershwin, Ravel, Debussy
2006Porgy and Bess
2006Rhapsody in Blue / Orchesterwerke
2006Vignola Plays Gershwin
2007Gershwin: Rhapsody in Blue / An American in Paris / Ravel: Piano Concerto for the Left Hand
2007Piano Concerto in F / Rhapsody in Blue / Cuban Overture
2007Ralph Votapek Plays George Gershwin
2008BBC Music, Volume 16, Number 13: Gershwin: Piano Concerto in F / Ravel: Piano Concerto in G
2008Complete Music for Piano & Orchestra
2008Debut Recording
2008Gershwin: Porgy and Bess Suite / Rhapsody in Blue / Mussorgsky: Pictures at an Exhibition
2008Rhapsody in Blue / American in Paris
2008Rhapsody in Blue / An American in Paris / Piano Concerto
2009New York Connections
2009Porgy and Bess
2009Rhapsody in Blue / 3 Preludes / Other Piano Works
2010An American New Year’s Eve
2010Piano Concertos and Capriccio
2010Rhapsody in Blue / Piano Concerto in F
2010Rhapsody in Blue / Piano Concerto in F / Second Rhapsody / "I Got Rhythm" Variations
2010Suite for Flute & Jazz Piano
2010Symphonic Dances / Rhapsody in Blue / An American in Paris
2011Dvořák: Violin Concerto / Gershwin: An American in Paris
2011George Gershwin: Rhapsody in Blue / Leonard Bernstein: West Side Story
2011Songbook / Rhapsody in Blue
2012Brain Rubbish
2012Concerto in F / Rhapsody no. 2 / I Got Rhythm Variations
2012Copland: Quiet City, Eight Poems of Emily Dickinson / Barber: Knoxville: Summer of 1915, Capricorn Concerto / Gershwin: Summertime
2012Gershwin & Me
2012Gershwin: An American in Paris - Grofé: Grand Canyon Suite
2012Rhapsody in Blue
2012Rhapsody in Blue / I Got Rhythm / Piano Concerto in F / Second Rhapsody
2013American Piano Concertos
2013Gershwin Take Two
2013Gershwin: Rhapsody in Blue / Grofé: Grand Canyon Suite
2013Rachmaninoff: Piano Concerto No. 2 / Gershwin: Rhapsody in Blue
2013Rhapsody in Blue
2013Rhapsody in Blue / Concerto for Piano & Orchestra in F / An American in Paris
2013Rhapsody in Blue / Strike Up the Band Overture / Promenade / Catfish Row
2014Gershwin: Rhapsody in Blue / An American in Paris / Lullaby / I Got Rhythm Variations / White: Five Miniatures
2014New World Quartets
2014Rhapsody in Blue · An American in Paris
2014Rhapsody in Blue / An American in Paris
2015Broadway-Lafayette
2015Herrmann / Gershwin / Waxman / Copland
2016An American In Paris, Concerto in F
2016Manhattan Intermezzo: American and British Works for Piano and Orchestra
2016Rhapsody in Blue / Concerto in F / Variations on "I Got Rhythm"
2016Voyage mélodique : Franz Liszt & Earl Wild Piano Transcriptions
2016Watts by George!
2017Fascinating Rhythm ~ George Gershwin Song Book
2017Gershwin
2017Rasch
2017Suites & Fantasies
2018Couleurs d'Amerique
2018I Got Rhythm
2018Kennedy Meets Gershwin
2018Piano Concertos
2018Rhapsody In Blue & Concerto in F
2019Classical Gershwin
2019Gershwin / Goodyear
2020Bernstein: Songfest / Gershwin: An American in Paris / Copland: An Outdoor Overture
2020Gershwin: Concerto in F / Tower: Sequoia / Piston: Symphony no. 5 / Harbison: Remembering Gatsby
2020Rhapsody in Navy Blue / Originals
2020Songs
2020Spheres
2021Obsessive Play
2021Piano Concertos
2021Rhapsody in Blue / Concerto en fa
2021The Sound of Black and White
20222 Pianos
2022Rhapsody
2023CELLISTA
2023Gershwin: Porgy and Bess: A Symphonic Picture / Gould: Spirituals
2023Orchestral Works
2023Phantasy in Blue
2023Rachmaninoff & Gershwin transcriptions by Earl Wild
2023Rhapsodic
2023Sardinia
2024BBC Music, Volume 32, Number 5: Gershwin: Rhapsody in Blue / John Adams: Harmonielehre
2024Gershwin Rhapsody
2024Gershwin: Rhapsody in Blue / Second Rhapsody for Piano and Orchestra / Cuban Overture / Tower: 1920/2019 / Stucky: Dreamwaltzes
2024Made in USA: Gershwin, Beach, Barber
2025American Classical Masterpieces
2025Hallelujah Junction
2025Liberté
2026Ravel Meets Gershwin
2026Rhapsody in Black
?'S Wonderful (Piano Duets by Ralph Grierson & Artie Kane)
?Albéniz: Cantos de España, op. 232 / Liszt: Liebesträume / Barber: Excursions, op. 20 / Gershwin: Three Preludes
?American Legends
?American Portraits: Rhapsody in Blue and other Masterpieces
?An American in Paris / Promenade / Catfish Row (Suite from “Porgy and Bess”) / “I Got Rhythm” Variations
?An American in Paris / Rhapsody in Blue
?BBC Concert Orchestra - A Treasury of Gershwin
?Concert în Fa pentru pian și orchestră / Rhapsody in Blue
?George Gershwin - An American in Paris / Rhapsody in Blue
?Gershwin - London Philharmonic Orchestra
?Gershwin Favourites
?Gershwin Plays Gershwin
?Gershwin Rediscovered
?Gershwin Solo Piano
?Gershwin: Piano Concerto in F/Etc.
?Geshwin: Porgy and Bess (A Symphonic Picture) / Gould: Latin‐American Symphonette
?New York Philharmonics: Selections
?Original Works and Transcriptions for Solo Piano
?Peter Pechersky Plays
?Piano Concerto in F, Rhapsody in Blue, An American in Paris
?Porgy and Bess
?Porgy and Bess (highlights)
?Rhapsody in Blue
?Rhapsody in Blue
?Rhapsody in Blue
?Rhapsody in Blue / An American in Paris
?Rhapsody in Blue / Piano Concerto in F major
?Self Portrait
?Two Sides of George Gershwin
?Virtuoso Piano Music

In School of Rock

Mixtape 1: Het ontstaan van popmuziek ReaderDe grote namen van Tin Pan Alley waren Irving Berlin, George Gershwin, Cole Porter en het duo Rodgers & Hammerstein.
Mixtape 5: Jazz Festival ReaderAnthropology is gebouwd op I Got Rhythm van George Gershwin.
Mixtape 12: De hitfabriek ReaderOok George Gershwin begon zijn loopbaan als tiener als song plugger bij een uitgeverij in Tin Pan Alley.
De Droomfabriek: Filmrol 2 ReaderNewman schreef er een stadsthema voor met een jazzy ritme en bluesachtige wendingen, een beetje in de geest van George Gershwin.
After Hours: Sessie 1 ReaderIn 1924 had hij in de Aeolian Hall in New York de première gegeven van Rhapsody in Blue van George Gershwin, een stuk voor piano en orkest met invloeden uit de jazz.

Genoemd in andere artikelen

Tin Pan Alley GenreIrving Berlin, George Gershwin en Cole Porter waren de grote namen.
Vocale jazz GenreElla Fitzgerald combineerde een helder timbre met virtuoze scat en nam tussen 1956 en 1964 voor Verve een reeks songbooks op met liedjes van Cole Porter, Duke Ellington, George Gershwin en anderen.
Pianola en pianorol TechniekIn de jaren twintig was de speelpiano in Amerika een gewoon meubelstuk, en Scott Joplin en George Gershwin speelden zelf rollen in.
Swanee NummerGeorge Gershwin begon als tiener als song plugger bij een uitgever in Tin Pan Alley: hij speelde nieuwe liedjes voor aan klanten en artiesten.

Zie ook

Bronnen

Categorieën: Artiesten Tin Pan Alley Vocale jazz